In Case Apparent Shift of an Object due to Refraction #8211; Case I : If μ<sub>2</sub> gt; μ<sub>1</sub>, i.e. observer is in denser medium. Then, shift becomes negative, image distance gt; object distance, i.e. image is further from the refracting surface, Case II : If μ<sub>2</sub> lt; μ<sub>1</sub>, i.e. observer is in rarer medium. Then, shift becomes positive, image distance lt; object distance, i.e. image is closer to the refracting surface, Case III : If μ<sub>2</sub> = 1 and μ<sub>1</sub> = μ [Apparent shift = Real depth (1 #8211; 1/μ)]