• replacement of bricks by stone structure

  • massive vimanas or towers

  • temples became vast complexes

  • spacious courtyards


Vimana is the structure over the garbhagriha or inner sanctum in the Hindu temples of South India and Odisha in East India. In typical temples of Odisha using the Kalinga style of architecture, the Vimana is the tallest structure of the temple, as it is in the shikhara towers of temples in West and North India.