• Vish

  • Jana

  • Grama

  • Gotra


The Kula i.e. the family was the basis of both social and political organisations. Unit of Kula (the family) is headed by Kulapa. The Grama was above the Kula. A group of Kula (families) formed a Grama (the village). Unit of Grama (the village) is headed by Gramani. The Vis was above the Grama. A group of Grama formed a Vis. Unit of Vis (the clan) is headed by Vispati. The Jana was above the Vis . A group of Vis formed a Jana. Unit of Jana (the people) is headed by Gopa or Gopati. The Rashtra was above the Jana . A group of Jana formed a Rashtra. Unit of Rashtra (the country) is headed by Rajan.