• 42nd Amendment Act, 1972

  • 44th Amendment Act, 1974

  • 86th Amendment Act, 2002

  • 92nd Amendment Act, 2003


By changing the subject-matter of Article 45, elementary education was made a fundamental right under Article 21 A through the 86th Amendment Act of 2002. The amendment directs the State to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.

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