What is a bacillus?

A bacillus is a rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the Bacillaceae family and the Firmicutes phylum. Characterized by their cylindrical morphology, these single-celled organisms inhabit diverse environments like soil, water, and animal digestive tracts. Their rigid peptidoglycan cell wall provides structural integrity. A key feature of some bacilli is their ability to form resilient endospores. These dormant structures enable survival under harsh conditions like extreme temperatures, dehydration, and chemical exposure, ensuring the bacteria's persistence. The Bacillus genus encompasses diverse species, some beneficial and others pathogenic. Beneficial bacilli contribute to vital ecological processes like decomposition and nitrogen fixation. Bacillus thuringiensis, for example, produces insecticidal toxins used in agriculture. Conversely, Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax, highlighting the pathogenic potential within the genus. Bacilli are crucial in scientific research and biotechnology. Their diverse metabolic capabilities are harnessed for industrial applications, including enzyme, antibiotic, and biofuel production. Research on bacilli contributes to our understanding of bacterial genetics, cell biology, and the development of new antimicrobial strategies. Furthermore, some Bacillus species are used as probiotics for human health, demonstrating the breadth of their impact.