• Perception through activity of sense organs.

  • Knowledge revealed by scriptures.

  • Clairvoyant perception.

  • Telepathic knowledge.


In Jainism there are five instruments of knowledge: Mati Jnana - Perception through activity of sense organs. Shruta Jnana - Knowledge revealed by scriptures. Avadhi Jnana - Clairvoyant perception. Manahparyaya Jnana - Telepathic knowledge. Keval Jnana - Temporal knowledge or Omniscience.